IP Addressing Schema
6:52 AM
By
Rajashekar Reddy BusiReddy
IP ADDRESSING SCHEMA
In a network every computer having a unique address call IP
address is used to communicate the computer with another computer through that
network.
IPv4 Addresses
An IPv4 addresse is a 4 octet i.e,8*4=32 bits address.Each
octet is seperated by the dot
Format of IPv4 address
0-255.0-255.0-255.0-255
Binary format of IPv4 address
11000000 10101000 00010111 11110101
Total IP address range of IPv4 is 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255
IP address consistes of two parts.They are network ID and
host ID.
Network ID
This part specifies the unique number that assigned to a
particular network.
By watching the Network ID we can identify the class of
network assigned.
Host ID
This is the part of IP address that we assign to each host
and uniquely identifies the each host on network.
Note:Network ID will be same and host part must be different
for each host on a network.
TYPES OF IP ADDRESS CLASSES
|
CLASS
|
CLASS
RANGE
|
OCTET
FORMAT
|
No.Of
NETWORKS & HOSTS
|
|
A
|
0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255
|
N.H.H.H
|
"126" Networks & "16777214"
Hosts per Network
|
|
B
|
128.0.0.0 to
191.255.255.255
|
N.N.H.H
|
"16384" Networks & "65534" Hosts
per Network
|
|
C
|
192.0.0.0 to
223.255.255.255
|
N.N.N.H
|
"2097152" Networks & "254" Hosts
per Network
|
|
D
|
224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
|
||
|
E
|
240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255
|
||
TYPES OF IP ADDRESSES
Internet Protocol (IP) addresses are usually of two types:
Public and Private.
Public IP
A public IP address
is assigned to every computer that connects to the Internet
where each IP is unique. Hence there cannot exist two computers
with the same public IP address all over the Internet. This
addressing scheme makes it possible for the computers to share the
information. User has no control over the IP address (public)
that is assigned to the computer. The public IP address is
assigned to the computer by the Internet Service Provider as soon
as the computer is connected to the Internet gateway.
A public IP address can be either static or dynamic. A
static public IP address does not change and is used primarily
for hosting WebPages or services on the Internet. On the other
hand a dynamic public IP address is chosen from a pool of
available addresses and changes each time one connects to the
Internet. Most Internet users will only have a dynamic IP
assigned to their computer which goes off when the computer
is disconnected from the Internet. Thus when it is re-connected
it gets a new IP.
An IP address is considered private if the IP number
falls within one of the IP address ranges reserved for
private networks such as a Local Area Network (LAN). The
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the
following three blocks of the IP address space for private
networks (local networks):
10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 (Total Addresses: 16,777,216)
172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 (Total Addresses: 1,048,576)
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 (Total Addresses: 65,536)
Private IP
Private IP addresses are used for
numbering the computers in a private network including home, school
and business LANs in airports and hotels which makes it
possible for the computers in the network to communicate with
each other.
Devices with private IP addresses cannot connect
directly to the Internet. Likewise, computers outside the
local network cannot connect directly to a device with a private
IP. It is possible to interconnect two private networks with
the help of a router or a similar device that supports
Network Address Translation.
If the private network is connected to the
Internet (through an Internet connection via ISP) then each
computer will have a private IP as well as a public IP. Private IP
is used for communication within the network where as the
public IP is used for communication over the Internet. Most
Internet users with a DSL/ADSL connection will have both a
private as well as a public IP.
You can know your private IP by typing ipconfig
command in the command prompt. The number that you see against
“IPV4 Address:” is your private IP which in most cases will
be 192.168.1.1 or 192.168.1.2. Unlike the public IP, private
IP addresses are always static in nature.
Unlike what most people assume, a private IP is
neither the one which is impossible to trace (just like the
private telephone number) nor the one reserved for stealth
Internet usage. In reality there is no public IP address that
is impossible to trace since the protocol itself is designed
for transperancy.
IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER
- Network ID 0 is reserved to designate the default route for the packets.
- Network ID 127 is reserved as the loop back address. To check the system whether it’s ready for networking or not we use this network ID.It ia also used by information technology professionals to test the IP software without worrying about the broken or corrupted drivers and hardware.
- Ping 127.0.0.1
If the above command is successful, it indicates that the network card and
drivers are functioning properly
- Automatic Private IP addressing (APIPA) is an automatic addressing feature useful for some adhoc or temporary networks. Whenever a windows computer has been configured to obtain an IP address automatically when there was no DHCP address server or alternative configuration .The computer uses APIPA to assign itself a private IP address in the Range of 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.254.254 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.
Subnet Mask
It’s an address used to identify the
network and host portion of the ip address.
Class A N.H.H.H
255.0.0.0
Class B
N.N.H.H 255.255.0.0
ClassC
N.N.N.H 255.255.255.0
Note: 255 represtes the network and 0 represents host
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